About Adderall
Adderall is a brand-name prescription medication containing a mixture of amphetamine salts — specifically 75% dextroamphetamine and 25% levoamphetamine. It is FDA-approved for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children (aged 3 and older) and adults, and for narcolepsy. As one of the most prescribed ADHD medications in the United States, Adderall is available in two formulations: immediate-release (IR) tablets lasting 4-6 hours, and extended-release capsules (Adderall XR) lasting 8-12 hours. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and dependence.
How It Works
Adderall increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain by stimulating their release and blocking their reabsorption. In people with ADHD, this helps normalize activity in the prefrontal cortex — the brain region responsible for attention, impulse control, and executive function. The result is improved focus, reduced impulsivity, and better ability to organize and complete tasks.
Key Facts
- ✓Available as immediate-release (4-6 hrs) and XR extended-release (8-12 hrs)
- ✓Schedule II controlled substance — requires written prescription
- ✓Generic available: amphetamine mixed salts (significantly cheaper)
- ✓FDA-approved for ADHD starting at age 3; also approved for narcolepsy
- ✓Should not be taken with MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI
- ✓Common side effects: decreased appetite, insomnia, increased heart rate
Who Is Adderall For?
Adderall is prescribed for children (3+), adolescents, and adults with ADHD. It is also used for narcolepsy. It is not appropriate for people with heart conditions, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, agitated states, or history of drug abuse. A thorough medical evaluation including cardiovascular assessment is required before starting Adderall.
Snapshot
Generic name
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
Drug class
CNS stimulant
Category
adhd
Forms Available
tablet, capsule
Cost
Estimated monthly cost:
$$$$ Brand
$$ Generic
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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. Prices shown are estimates and may vary by location and pharmacy.